Tools- of Changes

Effectiveness of Family-Based Behavioral Intervention for Smoking Cessation in Low-Income Households

This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted up to January 1, 2025 and the meta-analysis focused on 12 Randomized Controlled Trials with a total of 2,782 participants. Family-based behavioral interventions significantly increased abstinence in low-income households where both parents smoked and pharmacotherapy was included. Interventions that incorporated behavioral counseling with nicotine replacement therapy and implemented with a long-term follow-up tended to be more effective.

This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted up to January 1, 2025 and the meta-analysis focused on 12 Randomized Controlled Trials with a total of 2,782 participants. Family-based behavioral interventions significantly increased abstinence in low-income households where both parents smoked and pharmacotherapy was included. Interventions that incorporated behavioral counseling with nicotine replacement therapy and implemented with a long-term follow-up tended to be more effective.

Family-based behavioral interventions significantly increased self-reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence (Relative Risk:1.70, 95%CI: 1.16–2.48) compared with usual care at follow-ups of 3 months or longer. Behavioral counseling combined with nicotine replacement therapy was most effective (Relative Risk: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.28–4.68) and for 12-month follow-up (Relative Risk: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.44–2.66). Further significant effects were observed in parents of non-asthmatic children (Relative Risk: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.39–2.53), parents both smoked (Relative Risk: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.23–2.60), and interventions including nicotine replacement therapy provision (Relative Risk: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.15–2.74).

Published in September 2025